Storage
Today hydrogen is most commonly stored as a gas or liquid in tanks for small-scale mobile and stationary applications. In general, geological storage is the best option for large-scale and long-term storage, while tanks are more suitable for short-term and small-scale storage.

Storage Method 1 - Geological Storage
Salt caverns, depleted natural gas or oil reservoirs and aquifers are all possible options for large-scale and long-term hydrogen storage (HyUnder, 2014; Kruck et al., 2013). They are currently used for natural gas storage and provide significant economies of scale, high efficiency (the quantity of hydrogen injected divided by the quantity that can be extracted), low operational costs and low land costs.

Storage Method 2 - Storage tanks
Tanks storing compressed or liquefied hydrogen have high discharge rates and efficiencies of around 99%, making them appropriate for smaller-scale applications where a local stock of fuel or feedstock needs to be readily available.

Transportation
Compression, liquefaction or incorporation of the hydrogen into larger molecules that can be more readily transported as liquids are several ways to cut the costs of hydrogen transmission and distribution.

Today hydrogen is usually stored and delivered in compressed gas or liquid form. The majority is either produced and consumed on-site (around 85%) or transported via trucks or pipelines (around 15%).